Video Material atom
Atom is the smallest particle of the material. The atom consists of several basic particles, ie electrons, protons, and neutrons. It is these particles that cause the atoms to have electrical properties, because the electrons are negatively charged, the protons are positively charged, and the neutrons are uncharged.
The atom of one element is different from the other elemental atoms because of the difference in the arrangement of subatomic particles that make up it.
Here is the development of atomic theory from time to time:
Summary of Material Structural Material Atom Materials of High School Class X
John Dalton: Atoms are the smallest particles that can not be subdivided into smaller parts.
J.J. Thomson: Atoms are globally positively charged spheres and electrons attach to surfaces like raisin buns attached to bread.
Rutherford: The atom consists of a very small and positively charged atomic nucleus, surrounded by negatively charged electrons like the solar system.
Bohr: Electrons surround the nucleus of atoms on certain paths called electron shells or energy levels.
Schrodinger: The electrons that surround the atomic nucleus have a certain energy level but its existence can not be ascertained. The Schrodinger atom model is also called the modern atom model.
Atoms are composed of atomic nuclei and surrounded by electrons scattered on the skin of atoms. The atomic nucleus consists of positively charged particles (protons) and neutron-charged particles (neutrons). Negatively charged particles (electrons) are scattered in the skin of the atoms and surround the nuclei of atoms.
Protons discovered by Goldstein, denoted by the letter p, have a mass of 1 sma, and relative charge of +1. Electrons discovered by J.J. Thomson, denoted by the letter e, has a mass of 1/1840 sma, and relative charge -1. Neutron was invented by J. Chadwick, denoted by the letter n, has a mass of 1 sma, and relative charge 0. The nucleus of the atom was discovered by Rutherford.
Notation of atomic composition:
Information :
X = element symbol
A = mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons
Z = atomic number = number of protons = number of electrons
A - Z = number of neutrons
The mass number (A) states the number of protons and neutrons that make up the atomic nucleus of an element.
The atomic number (Z) denotes the number of protons (positive charge) or the number of electrons in the atom.
https://youtu.be/jhLQHFSvQ-Q
When will atomic history be discovered? And please give an example in solving the atom problem.
BalasHapusOne concept in chemistry that undergoes dynamic change is the concept of the atom. This is because the theories and models developed have a wide use in explaining physical and chemical symptoms. Moreover, new inventions of material particles allow the extent of application of the invention.
HapusToday the application of the results of thought and discovery around the concept of atom penetrated into all fields, in addition to having positive benefits for the welfare of mankind, also has a negative impact and has the potential to bring misery to society like the invention of atomic bomb.
The discussion of the concept of atoms in this paper, aimed to analyze and interpret the historical facts of the development of atomic theory based on the framework of thinking as proposed by Kuhn (1993) in his work The Structure of Scientific Revolutions.
Thomas Kuhn (1993) explains that science is not always accumulative. This is because there is a science revolution that changed the paradima of normal science. In the period of normal science, scientists work to verify or test theories based on the prevailing paradigm. In this period the existence of anomalies or deviations of results is ignored. But the accumulation of anomalies can allow for a paradigm crisis, so normal science can not continue. At that time there was a science revolution and a new paradigm emerged. The new paradigm that arises after the anomaly, will persist, if the results of verification or facts can support it. The more verification that supports the paradigm, the stronger the position, so that at one time it can become normal science. Furthermore, if there is anomaly accumulation, then there is another crisis paradigm that resulted in the revolution of science.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of dalton atomic theory?
BalasHapusAdvantages and disadvantages of dalton atoms
HapusSurplus of dalton atoms
The atomic theory of dalton is a central theory that makes other scientists shake their heads to study atoms more deeply, thus emerging more complex atomic models.
The gravity of the dalton atoms
The dalton atom model can not explain the electrical properties of matter.
The model of the dalton atom can not explain the difference between one atom and another.
The dalton atom model can not explain how the atoms are interconnected.
Atoms can actually be played to make an even smaller partkel, this is certainly contrary to the proposed dalton theory that atoms can not be subdivided.
How to determine the neutrons? Give an example?
BalasHapusThe atom can be distinguished from the number of its protons. Protons and neutrons are present in nuclei called nucleons. The number of protons in the nucleus is the atomic number (Z), while the number of protons and nutrons in the atom is called the mass number (A). Atomic atoms are denoted by the following notation:
HapusSo: X is the element / atom name (understand)
A is mass number (understand)
Z is the atomic number (understand)
Key atomic number Z = [proton = electron]
A = [number of protons + number of neutrons]
Search for NEUTRON = mass number [A] - atomic number [Z]
Protons and electrons have opposite charges. If the number of protons in an atom is equal to the number of electrons (already proven above the atomic number keys). Atom is said to be neutral,
If the number of protons and electrons is not the same then the atoms are not neutral.
So if the portion of the atom having a positive ion (+) / electron deficiency is called KATION, while the portion of the atom having negative ion (-) is called ANION.
The atom will be positively charged when the atom releases the electrons
The atom will be negatively charged if the atom catches the electron
problems example :
Determine the number of protons of neutrons and electrons of an element / atom?
1. 12
C
6
Explanation: so remember the keyword ATOM NUMBER WITH PROTON / ELECTRON
The electrons will change if an atom contains a cation (positive ion) or
Anion (negative ion)
Translation: number of protons = 6 [as per keyword]
Number of electrons = 6 [the result is fixed because the atoms are not positively or negatively charged]
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
= 12 - 6 [understand]
= 6
So the above atoms contain 6 protons, 6 electrons and 6 neutrons
Because the number of protons and electrons is equal then the above atom is neutral
According to the dalton the chemical reaction takes place because of the incorporation or separation of atoms. Do you agree with that opinion ?
BalasHapusI agree with what the dalton of chemical reactions is due to the merging or separating of atoms. So that atoms can not be created or destroyed. Because from what I see that the chemical reaction is a merging and separation reaction such as the atom.
HapusHow do you think about atoms can not be divided again? But as we know the atom is divided over protons, neutrons and electrons?
BalasHapusThe term atom comes from Greek, meaning it can not be cut or something that can not be divided again. The concept of atom as an indivisible component was first proposed by Indian and Greek philosophers. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, chemists laid the foundations of this idea by showing that certain substances could not be further divided using chemical methods. During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, physicists managed to discover the structure and subatomic components within the atom, proving that 'atoms' are not indivisible. [1] The principles of quantum mechanics used by physicists then succeeded in modeling atoms. [1]
HapusRelative to everyday observations, atoms are very small objects with equally small masses. Atoms can only be monitored using special equipment such as a tunnel tunnel microscope. More than 99.9% of the atom's mass is centered on an atomic nucleus, with protons and neutrons having almost the same mass. Each element has at least one isotope with an unstable nucleus that can undergo radioactive decay. This can lead to transmutations that change the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The electrons attached to the atoms contain a number of energy levels, or orbital, which are stable and can transition between them by absorbing or emitting photons corresponding to the energy difference between levels. The electrons in the atom determine the chemical properties of an element and affect the magnetic properties of the atom.